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Sinusitis Wikipedia. For the joint inflammation condition, see Synovitis. Sinusitis. Synonyms. Sinus infection, rhinosinusitis. Left sided maxillary sinusitis marked by an arrow. Note the lack of the air transparency indicating fluid in contrast to the other side. Specialty. Otorhinolaryngology. Symptoms. Thick nasal mucus, plugged nose, pain in the face, fever123Causes. Infection bacterial, fungal, allergies, air pollution, structural problems in the nose2Risk factors. Asthma, cystic fibrosis, poor immune function1Diagnostic method. Usually based on symptoms1Similar conditions. Vector City Scape 110 312 downloads Dec 9th, 2009 Islamic mosque 79 522 downloads Jul 8th, 2012 Vector Buildings 58 452 downloads Jan 5th, 2011 Prayers 32 025. Diabetes and Ramadan Practical Guidelines. International Diabetes Federation IDF Chausse de La Hulpe 166 B1170 Brussels Belgium Tel 3202 538 55 11 Fax. Migraine4Prevention. Handwashing, avoiding smoking, immunization2Treatment. Pain medications, nasal steroids, nasal irrigation, antibiotic15Frequency. Sinusitis, also known as a sinus infection or rhinosinusitis, is inflammation of the sinuses resulting in symptoms. Common signs and symptoms include thick nasal mucus, a plugged nose, and pain in the face. Other signs and symptoms may include fever, headaches, poor sense of smell, sore throat, and cough. The cough is often worse at night. Serious complications are rare. It is defined as acute rhinosinusitis ARS if it lasts less than 4 weeks, and as chronic rhinosinusitis CRS if it lasts for more than 1. Sinusitis can be caused by infection, allergies, air pollution, or structural problems in the nose. Most cases are caused by a viral infection. A bacterial infection may be present if symptoms last more than ten days or if a person worsens after starting to improve. Recurrent episodes are more likely in people with asthma, cystic fibrosis, and poor immune function. X rays are not typically needed unless complications are suspected. In chronic cases confirmatory testing is recommended by either direct visualization or computed tomography. Some cases may be prevented by hand washing, avoiding smoking, and immunization. Pain killers such as naproxen, nasal steroids, and nasal irrigation may be used to help with symptoms. Recommended initial treatment for ARS is watchful waiting. If symptoms do not improve in 71. In those in whom antibiotics are used, either amoxicillin or amoxicillinclavulanate is recommended first line. Surgery may occasionally be used in people with chronic disease. Sinusitis is a common condition. It affects between about 1. United States and Europe. Women are more often affected than men. Chronic sinusitis affects approximately 1. Treatment of sinusitis in the United States results in more than 1. USD in costs. 1 The unnecessary and ineffective treatment of viral sinusitis with antibiotics is common. Categoriesedit. Illustration depicting sinusitis. Sinusitis or rhinosinusitis is defined as an inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the paranasal sinuses and is classified chronologically into several categories 1. Acute rhinosinusitis A new infection that may last up to four weeks and can be subdivided symptomatically into severe and non severe. Some use definitions up to 1. Recurrent acute rhinosinusitis Four or more full episodes of acute sinusitis that occur within one year. Subacute rhinosinusitis An infection that lasts between four and 1. Chronic rhinosinusitis When the signs and symptoms last for more than 1. Acute exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis When the signs and symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis exacerbate, but return to baseline after treatment. All these types of sinusitis have similar symptoms, and are thus often difficult to distinguish. Acute sinusitis is very common. Roughly ninety percent of adults have had sinusitis at some point in their life. Signs and symptomseditHeadachefacial pain or pressure of a dull, constant, or aching sort over the affected sinuses is common with both acute and chronic stages of sinusitis. This pain is typically localized to the involved sinus and may worsen when the affected person bends over or when lying down. Pain often starts on one side of the head and progresses to both sides. Acute sinusitis may be accompanied by thick nasal discharge that is usually green in color and may contain pus purulent andor blood. Often a localized headache or toothache is present, and it is these symptoms that distinguish a sinus related headache from other types of headaches, such as tension and migraine headaches. Another way to distinguish between toothache and sinusitis is that the pain in sinusitis is usually worsened by tilting the head forwards and with valsalva maneuvers. Infection of the eye socket is possible, which may result in the loss of sight and is accompanied by fever and severe illness. Another possible complication is the infection of the bones osteomyelitis of the forehead and other facial bones Potts puffy tumor. Sinus infections can also cause middle ear problems due to the congestion of the nasal passages. This can be demonstrated by dizziness, a pressurized or heavy head, or vibrating sensations in the head. Post nasal drip is also a symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis. Halitosis bad breath is often stated to be a symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis however, gold standard breath analysis techniques have not been applied. Theoretically, there are several possible mechanisms of both objective and subjective halitosis that may be involved. A 2. 00. 4 study suggested that up to 9. The confusion occurs in part because migraine involves activation of the trigeminal nerves, which innervate both the sinus region and the meninges surrounding the brain. As a result, it is difficult to accurately determine the site from which the pain originates. People with migraines do not typically have the thick nasal discharge that is a common symptom of a sinus infection. By locationeditThere are several paired paranasal sinuses, including the frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses. The ethmoidal sinuses are further subdivided into anterior and posterior ethmoid sinuses, the division of which is defined as the basal lamella of the middle turbinate. In addition to the severity of disease, discussed below, sinusitis can be classified by the sinus cavity which it affects Maxillary can cause pain or pressure in the maxillary cheek area e. J0. 1. 0J3. 2. 0Frontal can cause pain or pressure in the frontal sinus cavity located above eyes, headache, particularly in the forehead J0. J3. 2. 1Ethmoidal can cause pain or pressure pain betweenbehind the eyes, the sides of the upper part of the nose the medial canthi, and headaches J0. J3. 2. 21. 8Sphenoidal can cause pain or pressure behind the eyes, but often refers to the skull vertex top of the head, over the mastoid processes, or the back of the head. ComplicationseditStage. Description. IPreseptal cellulitis. IIOrbital cellulitis. IIISubperiosteal abscess. IVOrbital abscess. Download Cours Electrotechnique Et Electronique De Puissance Pdf. VCavernous sinus septic thrombosis. The proximity of the brain to the sinuses makes the most dangerous complication of sinusitis, particularly involving the frontal and sphenoid sinuses, infection of the brain by the invasion of anaerobic bacteria through the bones or blood vessels. Abscesses, meningitis and other life threatening conditions may result. In extreme cases the patient may experience mild personality changes, headache, altered consciousness, visual problems, seizures, coma and possibly death. Sinus infection can spread through anastomosing veins or by direct extension to close structures.